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BBC ´º½º°¡ ºÏÇÑ ÀáÀÔ ÃëÀ縦 ÅëÇØ '¼­¼­È÷ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ: ºÏÇÑÀÌ ¹Ù²î°í ÀÖ´Ù'´Â Á¦¸ñÀÇ ±â»ç¸¦ °ÔÀçÇØ ºñ»óÇÑ °ü½ÉÀ» ²ø°í ÀÖ´Ù.

 

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´ÙÀ½Àº ¿Ü½ÅÀü¹®»çÀÌÆ® ´º½ºÇÁ·Î°¡ ¹ø¿ªÇÑ BBC ±â»ç ÁÖ¿ä ³»¿ë.

 

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ºñÁî´Ï½º ¹æ½Ä¿¡ À־µµ ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î º¯È­°¡ ÀÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç Æ´»õ°¡ ¸¹Àº ºÏÇÑ°ú Áß±¹°úÀÇ ±¹°æÀº ¿Â°® Á¾·ùÀÇ »óÇ°µéÀÇ À¯ÀÔÀ» Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù. Æò¾çÀÇ ¹éÈ­Á¡µéÀº ÁöºÒ ´É·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ »óÇ°µéÀ» °®Ãß°í ÀÖ´Ù.

 

¿À´Ã³¯ Æò¾ç °Å¸®¿¡´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ Áß±¹»ê ÀÚµ¿Â÷ÀÌÁö¸¸ ¶§·Î´Â BMW³ª Æø½º¹Ù°ÕÀ¸·Î È¥ÀâÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Â ±³ÅëüÁõ(Îß÷×ôòñø)ÀÌ º¸ÀδÙ.

 

ÇÏÁö¸¸ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº ¾ó¸¶¸¸Å­ Á¤Ä¡Àû ÅëÁ¦°¡ Àִ°¡ ÇÏ´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. Åä¿äÀÏ ´ë±Ô¸ð ÆÛ·¹À̵带 À§ÇØ Á¤ºÎ °íÀ§Á÷ °ü¸®µé°ú ¹ö½º¸¦ °¡µæ ä¿î ±âÀÚµéÀÌ, ±º»ç Àåºñ¿Í Áֹεé À§¿¡ ±º¸²ÇÏ´Â ¼¼·ÂÀÇ Àü½Ã¸¦ °ü¶÷Çϱâ À§ÇØ µµÂøÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. Æò¾çÀÇ ±¤ÀåµéÀº ±Øµµ·Î »ó¼¼ÇÏ°Ô Â¥¿©Áø ¾È¹«¸¦ ¸®Çã¼³ÇÏ´Â ÀþÀºÀ̵é·Î °¡µæÂ÷ ÀÖ´Ù.

 

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Creeping capitalism: How North Korea is changing

¼­¼­È÷ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ: ºÏÇÑÀÌ ¹Ù²î°í ÀÖ´Ù

 

¹ø¿ª °¨¼ö: ÀÓ¿Á

 

±â»ç ¹Ù·Î°¡±â ¢Ñ http://bbc.in/1VJkb4y

 

High heels and Western dress are evident among Pyongyang¡¯s commuters

Æò¾ç ½Ã³» ÃâÅð±Ù ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷µé¿¡¼­ ÇÏÀÌÈú°ú ¼­¾ç½Ä ÆмÇÀÌ ´«¿¡ ¶è´Ù.

 

What should we make of North Korea? It¡¯s the most isolated country on the planet with a leadership which boasts that it has nuclear devices. Our correspondent Steve Evans is there and reports that it is a country which is changing.

 

ºÏÇÑ¿¡ ´ëÇØ ¹¹¶ó ¸»ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î? Áö±¸ »ó¿¡¼­ °¡Àå °í¸³µÈ ³ª¶óÀÌ°í ±× ÁöµµºÎ´Â ÇÙ¹«±â º¸À¯¸¦ ÀÚ¶û½º·´°Ô ¸»ÇÑ´Ù. ¿ì¸® ƯÆÄ¿ø ½ºÆ¼ºê ¿¡¹Ý½º°¡ ±×°÷¿¡¼­ ºÏÇÑÀÌ º¯È­µÇ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í º¸µµÇÑ´Ù.

 

What jumps out at you as you drive into Pyongyang is the darkness. There is a famous picture of North Korea taken from a satellite showing the Democratic People¡¯s Republic of Korea as a dark mass in contrast to the neon festival of light which is South Korea shining up into space.

But that darkness becomes real at street level: as night falls, you pass apartment block after apartment block in Pyongyang with barely a light glimmering from the windows. This remains a country where electricity is in short supply.

 

Æò¾ç ½Ã³»·Î ¿îÀüÇØ µé¾î°¥ ¶§ Á¦ÀÏ ¸ÕÀú ´«¿¡ ¶ç´Â °ÍÀº ¾îµÎ¿òÀÌ´Ù. Àß ¾Ë·ÁÁø ºÏÇÑ »çÁøÀ¸·Î Á¶¼±¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ÀιΰøÈ­±¹À» ¾îµÎ¿î ¹°Ã¼·Î¼­ ±× ¿·¿¡ ³×¿Â ºÒºûÀ¸·Î ÈÖȲÂù¶õÇÑ ºûÀ» ¹ßÇÏ´Â ³²ÇÑ°ú ´ëÁ¶Çؼ­ º¸¿©ÁÖ´Â ÀΰøÀ§¼º »çÁøÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ÇÏÁö¸¸ ±× ¾îµÎ¿òÀÌ °Å¸®ÀÇ ¸ð½À¿¡¼­ ½ÇÁ¦·Î ´Ù°¡¿Â´Ù. ¹ãÀÌ µÇ¸ç ´Ã¾î¼± Æò¾çÀÇ ¾ÆÆÄÆ® ´ÜÁö¸¦ Áö³ª´Â µ¿¾È â¹® Æ´»õ·Î »õ¾î³ª¿À´Â ºÒºûÀÌ °ÅÀÇ ¾ø´Ù. ÀÌ ³ª¶ó Àü±â º¸±ÞÀº ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ºÎÁ·ÇÏ´Ù.

 

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Satellite photos taken in 1986 (L) and 1996 (R) of the Korean Peninsula at night show how brightness greatly expanded in South Korea, the lower part of the peninsula, while darkness spread throughout North Korea, except Pyongyang, during that decade

1986³â(¿ÞÂÊ)°ú 1996³â(¿À¸¥ÂÊ) ¹ã¿¡ ÂïÈù Çѹݵµ À§¼º»çÁøÀº ±× 10³â µ¿¾È Çѹݵµ ¾Æ·¡ÂÊ Çѱ¹¿¡¼­´Â ºÒºûÀÌ Àüü·Î È®´ëµÈ ¹Ý¸é Æò¾çÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÑ ºÏÇÑ Àü¿ª¿¡´Â ¾îµÎ¿òÀÌ ÆÛÁ®ÀÖÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

 

During the day, small solar panels are visible on some balconies, an indication of how ordinary people are bypassing official sources literally taking power into their own hands.

 

Çѳ·¿¡ ÀϺΠ¹ßÄÚ´Ï¿¡ ¼³Ä¡µÈ ÀÛÀº žç ÀüÁöÆÇÀ» º¼ ¼ö Àִµ¥, ÀÌ´Â ±×¾ß¸»·Î ½º½º·Î Àü·ÂÀ» ÇØ°áÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ¸·Î, ÀÏ¹Ý »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±¹°¡°¡ °ø±ÞÇÏ´Â Àü·Â¿¡¸¸ ÀüÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀ½À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

 

That assertion of private action is happening in lots of ways. After the famine in the 90s, the economy started to change. Starving people found ways of growing their own food and then trading it private markets helped relieve a problem of life and death. Once invented, these markets have refused to disappear. They are now tacitly acknowledged by the authorities. On top of that, some enterprises behave like capitalist organisations, offering managers the ability to keep profits they get a private cut and the state gets its public cut.

 

ÀÌ°°ÀÌ Àû±ØÀûÀÎ ¹Î°£ Âü¿©°¡ ¿©·¯ ¹æ¸é¿¡¼­ ÀϾ°í ÀÖ´Ù. 90³â´ëÀÇ ´ë±â±Ù ÀÌÈÄ¿¡ °æÁ¦°¡ ´Þ¶óÁö±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù. ±¾ÁÖ¸° ±¹¹ÎµéÀº Á÷Á¢ ³ó»ç¸¦ Áþ°í °æÀÛ¹°À» °Å·¡ÇÏ´Â ¹ýÀ» ã¾Ò´Ù ¹Î°£ ½ÃÀåÀº »ý»çÀÇ ¹®Á¦¸¦ ¿ÏÈ­ÇÏ´Â µ¥¿¡ ÀÏÁ¶Çß´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ Çѹø Çü¼ºµÇÀÚ ÀÌ ½ÃÀåµéÀº ¾ø¾îÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. Á¤ºÎ´Â ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹Î°£ ½ÃÀåµéÀ» ¾Ï¾Ï¸®¿¡ ÀÎÁ¤ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ÀϺΠ»ç¾÷üµéÀº ¸¶Ä¡ ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇÀÇ ±â¾÷ÀÎ °Íó·³ ÇൿÇÏ¸ç °ü¸®ÀÚµéÀÌ ÀÌÀ±À» ÃëÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÇØÁØ´Ù °ü¸®ÀÚµéÀº °³ÀÎÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌÀ±À» ÃëÇÏ°í Á¤ºÎ´Â °øÀûÀ¸·Î ÀÌÀ±À» ÃëÇÑ´Ù.

 

¡®Creeping capitalism¡¯

¡®¼­¼­È÷ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ¡¯

 

A kind of creeping capitalism is occurring in North Korea.

 

ºÏÇÑ¿¡¼­ ÀÚº»ÁÖÀÇ°¡ ¼­¼­È÷ ÆÛÁ®°¡°í ÀÖ´Ù.

 

That means there is money there some money for some people. As well as a changing way of doing business internally, a porous border with China to the north means all kinds of goods are entering. In the department stores of Pyongyang, products are available for those who can afford them (the crucial caveat).

 

±×¸»Àº ±×°÷¿¡ µ·ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ÀϺΠ»ç¶÷µéÀÌ °¡Áø ¾à°£ÀÇ µ·À̱ä ÇÏÁö¸¸. »Ó¸¸ ¾Æ´Ï¶ó ºñÁî´Ï½º ¹æ½Ä¿¡ À־µµ ³»ºÎÀûÀ¸·Î º¯È­°¡ ÀÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç Æ´»õ°¡ ¸¹Àº ºÏÇÑ°ú Áß±¹°úÀÇ ±¹°æÀº ¿Â°® Á¾·ùÀÇ »óÇ°µéÀÇ À¯ÀÔÀ» Çã¿ëÇÑ´Ù. Æò¾çÀÇ ¹éÈ­Á¡µéÀº ÁöºÒ ´É·ÂÀÌ ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» À§ÇÑ »óÇ°µéÀ» °®Ãß°í ÀÖ´Ù(Áß¿äÇÑ ÀüÁ¶).

 

North Korea is one of poorest countries in the region and among the most insular in the world

 

ºÏÇÑÀº ÀÌ Áö¿ª¿¡¼­ °¡Àå °¡³­ÇÑ ³ª¶ó Áß ÇϳªÀÌ¸ç ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ °¡Àå Æó¼âµÈ ±¹°¡ °¡¿îµ¥ Çϳª´Ù.

 

It should be said, though, that North Korea remains much poorer than many other countries, particularly South Korea. Even in Pyongyang, there are not riches to compare with Seoul.

 

ÇÏÁö¸¸ ºÏÇÑÀÌ ¸¹Àº ´Ù¸¥ ³ª¶ó, ƯÈ÷ ³²ÇÑ¿¡ ºñÇØ ÈξÀ °¡³­ÇÏ´Ù´Â °ÍÀº ºÐ¸íÈ÷ ¸»ÇØµÑ ÇÊ¿ä°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Æò¾çÁ¶Â÷µµ ¼­¿ï¿¡ ºñÇÒ¸¸ÇÑ ºÎ´Â °¡ÁöÁö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù.

 

Apart from the view of North Korea from space, there is another classic picture: that of long, empty roads, completely devoid of traffic apart from the odd ox cart.

 

¿ìÁÖ¿¡¼­ ¹Ù¶óº» ºÏÇÑ ¿Ü¿¡µµ, ¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ °íÀüÀÌ µÇ¾î¹ö¸° »çÁøÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù: °£È¤ ¼Ò´Þ±¸Áö°¡ º¸ÀÏ »Ó Â÷·®ÀÌ ÀüÇô ¾ø´Â ±ä, ÅÖ ºó µµ·ÎÀÇ »çÁøÀÌ´Ù.

 

Today, there are traffic jams in Pyongyang, traffic jams on roads clogged with Chinese vehicles, but also with BMWs and VWs.

 

¿À´Ã³¯ Æò¾ç °Å¸®¿¡´Â ´ëºÎºÐÀÌ Áß±¹»ê ÀÚµ¿Â÷ÀÌÁö¸¸ ¶§·Î´Â BMW³ª Æø½º¹Ù°ÕÀ¸·Î È¥ÀâÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Â ±³Åë üÁõÀÌ º¸ÀδÙ.

 

Political control

Á¤Ä¡Àû ÅëÁ¦

 

But what hasn¡¯t changed is the level of political control. On Saturday, there is a big parade for what is a big celebration. Dignitaries and busloads of journalists are arriving to witness a display of military hardware and of power over the country¡¯s own citizenry. Every street seems to have gangs of workers, often in military uniform. The squares of Pyongyang are filled with young people rehearsing the most minute choreographed move.

 

ÇÏÁö¸¸ º¯ÇÏÁö ¾ÊÀº °ÍÀº ¾ó¸¶¸¸Å­ Á¤Ä¡Àû ÅëÁ¦°¡ Àִ°¡ ÇÏ´Â Á¡ÀÌ´Ù. À̹ø Åä¿äÀÏ¿¡´Â Å« ±â³äÇà»ç¸¦ À§ÇÑ ´ë±Ô¸ð ÆÛ·¹À̵尡 ÀÖ´Ù. Á¤ºÎ °íÀ§Á÷ °ü¸®µé°ú ¹ö½º¸¦ °¡µæ ä¿î ±âÀÚµéÀÌ, ±º»ç Àåºñ, ±×¸®°í ±¹¹Îµé À§¿¡ ±º¸²ÇÏ´Â ¼¼·ÂÀÇ Àü½Ã¸¦ °ü¶÷Çϱâ À§ÇØ µµÂøÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ¸ðµç °Å¸®¿¡¼­ ¸¹Àº °æ¿ì ±ºº¹ Â÷¸²ÀÇ ³ëµ¿ÀÚ ¹«¸®¸¦ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. Æò¾çÀÇ ±¤ÀåµéÀº ±Øµµ·Î »ó¼¼ÇÏ°Ô Â¥¿©Áø ¾È¹«¸¦ ¸®Çã¼³ÇÏ´Â ÀþÀºÀ̵é·Î °¡µæÂ÷ ÀÖ´Ù.

 

Minders are allocated to all journalists and these government officials supervise their charges rigorously, ruling out any contact with ordinary people, telling cameramen not to film. Books about North Korea are confiscated from incomers at the spanking new Pyongyang Airport.

 

°æÈ£¿øµéÀº ¸ðµç ±âÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¹èÁ¤µÇ¾î ÀÖ°í Á¤ºÎ °ü·áµéÀº À̵éÀÌ ÀϹÝÀεé°ú Á¢ÃËÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ¸·°í Ä«¸Þ¶ó ±âÀÚÀÇ ÃÔ¿µÀ» ±ÝÁöÇÏ´Â µî ÀÚ½ÅÀÌ ¸ÃÀº À̵éÀ» öÀúÈ÷ °¨µ¶ÇÑ´Ù. ÀÔ±¹ÀÚµéÀÌ ¼ÒÁöÇÑ ºÏÇÑ °ü·Ã Ã¥µéÀº ÃÖ±Ù¿¡ ¹®À» ¿¬ Æò¾ç ½Å°øÇ׿¡¼­ ¾Ð·ùµÈ´Ù.

 

Pyongyang has a new international airport

Æò¾ç¿¡ ½Å°øÇ×ÀÌ ¼¼¿öÁ³´Ù

 

The airport illustrates the dilemma for the regime. It¡¯s been built to facilitate the arrival of millions of visitors clutching dollars and euros.

 

Æò¾ç ½Å°øÇ×Àº ºÏÇÑ Á¤±ÇÀÇ µô·¹¸¶¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ½Å°øÇ×Àº ´Þ·¯¿Í À¯·ÎÈ­¸¦ ¼ÒÁöÇÑ ¹æ¹®ÀÚ ¼ö¹é¸¸ ¸íÀÇ ÆíÀǸ¦ À§ÇØ Áö¾îÁ³´Ù.

 

But the authorities remain very mistrustful of outsiders. They want them and their cash but not their disrupting ideas. How can North Korea get outsiders in while blocking material which it feels would corrupt the citizens with dangerous outside ideas like democracy or Christianity?

 

ÇÏÁö¸¸ ºÏÇÑ ´ç±¹Àº ¿Ü±¹Àο¡ ´ëÇÑ °æ°è¸¦ ´ÊÃßÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. ±×µéÀº ¹æ¹®°´µé°ú ±×µéÀÇ Çö±ÝÀº ¿øÇÏÁö¸¸, Á¤±Ç¿¡ À§ÇùÀÌ µÉ ¸¸ÇÑ »ç»óÀº ¿øÄ¡ ¾Ê´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ºÏÇÑÀº ¾î¶»°Ô ÇÏ¸é ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀdzª ±âµ¶±³ °°Àº ºÏÇÑ ½Ã¹ÎÀ» ¿À¿°½Ãų ¹ýÇÑ À§ÇèÇÑ »ç»óÀ» ¸·À¸¸é¼­ µ¿½Ã¿¡ ¿Ü±¹ÀÎÀÌ ¹æ¹®Çϵµ·Ï ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖÀ»±î?

 


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